What Are PUFAs?
PUFAs are an Essential Fatty Acid (EFA)
Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) are types of fat found in ALL living organisms (including animals), because they are essential to all life on Earth (and the health of your hair and skin).
The term essential fatty acids (EFAs) refers to those polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that must be provided by foods because these cannot be synthesized in the body, and yet are necessary for life. There are two families of EFAs, omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6). [source]
Are PUFAs “Bad”?
“PUFAs oxidize faster, and oxidation causes free radical damage, therefore consuming PUFAs will cause cancer, aging, and inflammation!” is the new ‘word of advice’ currently touted by some natural health enthusiasts… but does it carry any truth? Yes and no… And the answers will surprise you!! Let’s figure it out here and now with some well-balanced considerations.
Many of these so-called “health experts” praise the benefits of Vitamin E, CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid), GLA (Gamma Linoleic Acid), and LA (Linoleic Acid) all while simultaneously hating PUFAs… This is quite a cruel joke, because all of these are, or can only be derived from, what? You guessed it – PUFAs!
Did You Know? All animal fats (yes, even pasture-raised and 100% grass-fed) contain some amount of PUFAs because they are essential for the life and health of the animal.
So, before you toss away all the PUFA-containing products in your cabinets and pantry, let’s dust off our high school biology books, dig into some well-established science, and rediscover some foundational truths about healthy body care.
Beauty Products That Need PUFAs
Since it is a requirement for all life forms, technically we would not have any beauty products without PUFAs. This is especially true for natural Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol), which is essential in any skincare and haircare product line. Vitamin E is naturally found only in omega-6 PUFA oils and fats, as Vitamin E cannot be created from saturated or mono-saturated fatty acids.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is nature’s most powerful antioxidant and a great anti-inflammatory as well, which is why it is found in PUFA oils, since PUFAs are more sensitive to oxidation and tend to be inflammatory when over-consumed out of the natural balance. This means that fresh, well-preserved, low-processed organic PUFA oils are very high in anti-oxidants, which fight free-radicals, aging, and inflammation! We can clearly see from this view alone why PUFAs can actually be very beneficial when used in the correct amounts.
We only use organic, natural Vitamin E derived strictly from sunflowers in our products. Petroleum-derived synthetic Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) is no true substitute for the PUFA-rich source of natural Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol), because it is less than half as effective and much less bioavailable (usable by our bodies).
So, do high-quality PUFAs – in balanced ratios of use – cause aging, cancer, and inflammation? NO!
Another important consideration is that the fluid nature of polyunsaturated fatty acids make them easier for the skin to absorb and utilize their unique chemistry. This makes PUFAs very useful ingredients when blended with other vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids to help these become more bioavailable through topical applications.
If you are still having doubts due to misinformation, check out these scientific studies as a couple of examples.
A study published by Oregon State University Micronutrient Information Center stated that topical application of sunflower oil (a PUFA, and what Perma-Earth’s organic Vitamin E is made out of) increased the linoleic acid (LA) content in the epidermis, or top most layer of skin. LA is the most abundant naturally occurring fatty acid in the epidermis and helps to support skin barrier function, and a deficiency of LA in the skin can lead to scaliness and excessive epidermal water loss. The research also stated that application of sunflower oil to skin normalized transepidermal water loss (TEWL), helping to prevent damage to the skin barrier function, and reduced skin scaliness after two weeks of daily application.
Research published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences – which studied many plant oils, including PUFA oils like pomegranate, rosehip, borage, and almond – concluded that PUFA oils act synergistically with the skin when applied topically, supporting the skin barrier and antioxidant activity while promoting wound healing and anti-carcinogenic properties.
One of the biggest causes of skin aging is certainly excess sun exposure, but it is the reactions UV (Ultraviolet) rays cause within unhealthy cells that create that damage, not high-quality PUFAs on top of the skin. As much as 80% of facial aging is attributable simply to unhealthy cells that are damaged by UV exposure alone. UVA (Ultraviolet A) rays can penetrate into the deep, living layers of skin and damage your DNA. Only avoiding excessive sun exposure and an unhealthy lifestyle prevents this damage.
By avoiding use of all PUFA oils, people are unfortunately actually eliminating one of the key ways to assist skin with repairing damage from sun exposure: anti-oxidants.
Bodily Functions That Need PUFAs
Because nutrients can also be absorbed through the skin to be utilized by the body, we hear concerns about the internal physiological effects of putting PUFAs on your skin. This goes along with “health experts” praising the benefits of Omega-3 fats, yet contradictorily say bad things about PUFAs. Again, polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) include omega-3 and omega-6 fats. These are essential fatty acids (EFAs) that the body needs for brain function and cell growth. Our bodies do not make essential fatty acids (EFAs, including PUFAs), so you must get them from food. We’ve already talked about some omega-6 fatty acids like Vitamin E, Linoleic Acid, etc., so now let’s brush up on the Omega-3 fatty acids, which include ALA, EPA, and DHA. [source]
Sources of ALA, EPA and DHA
- ALA
Alpha linolenic acid is abundant in flax seed and is present in small quantities in oils like hemp, walnut, soybean and canola oil (Hunter 1990). It is mostly found in the chloroplast of green leafy vegetables.
ALA is very sensitive to destruction by light, oxygen and heat. If not protected, it becomes toxic. It is destroyed five times faster than linoleic acid (LA, which is a type of omega-6 fat). Average intake of ω-3 fatty acids has decreased to less than 20% of what was present in common diets 150 years ago. About 95–99 % of the population gets ω-3 fatty acids lesser than that required for good health, making ω-3 fatty acids an essential nutrient and therefore the most therapeutic of all the essential nutrients (20 minerals, 14 vitamins, 8–11 amino acids, 2 fatty acids).
- EPA
Fish and fish oil are the richest sources of this fatty acid with contents ranging from 39% to 50% for both fresh and salt water fish (Kinsella 1990). EPA is a parent of series 3 eicosanoid hormones. EPA is also found in other animal fats.
- DHA
It is present in fish oil, red brown algae, and other animal fats. It is a major brain ω-3 fatty acid and is also found in eye ball (retina). Brains are made up of about 65% fat and out of this 50% is DHA.
The Misconception
“All PUFAs are bad for you in any amount, whatsoever!” is the basic idea now being misleadingly promoted by many.
But, how Essential Fatty Acids like PUFAs be “bad” for you, if it is necessary for life and basic biological functions?
How Did ALL PUFAs Get A Bad Reputation?
Although partially true, there has been a huge misunderstanding around PUFAs and their effects on human health. Somehow, ALL PUFAs have been demonized through unscientific claims or misconstrued claims by “health experts”.
These false claims put ALL PUFA oils (no matter the quality or source) as the main culprit for cancer, inflammation, aging, and more. These claims of free-radical damage from the faster oxidation and the highly-processed inflammatory effects of these oils do not take into consideration the quantity consumed nor the quality of the source.
Good PUFAs vs. Bad PUFAs
Highly-processed and genetically modified PUFA oils do indeed have ill-effects on human health, especially when overconsumed (as in our American lifestyles with highly processed omega-6 oils), but this does not mean that ALL PUFAs are bad!
A Logical Fallacy:
Saying “ALL PUFAs are bad since highly-processed GMO PUFAs are bad”, is similar to saying that “ALL meat is bad since factory-farmed industrial meat is bad”.
Instead of avoiding any and all PUFAs, there needs to be a different approach. Consuming and using high-quality (organic, fresh, well-preserved, and less-processed) PUFAs in a well-balanced amount, should be the real focus of health experts and beauty companies.
We need to stop categorizing all PUFAs as “BAD”, and instead shed a little light on this essential ingredient for health and beauty from high-quality sources, in balanced amounts!
The Conclusion
Choosing When & How To Include PUFAs
Considering the anti-oxidant benefits of PUFAs and their necessity for healthy skin and hair, we now know that PUFAs are essential at some level of body care and beauty.
Choose high quality ingredients in moderate to small amounts, like organic, well-preserved, and cold-pressed, and steer clear of oils that lack skin supportive nutrients and those that are heavily processed, like corn, canola, and soybean oil (we never use these oils in our products).
Yes, PUFAs may be less stable than saturated fats and oxidize more easily, but freshness is key, and there are ways to keep your fats fresher longer and how to tell when a product has oxidized.
When you use oxidized (rancid) fats or oils on your skin, it can lead to congestion of the skin due to its more sticky and resinous nature. A bitter-smelling, viscous rancid fat will not absorb well through pores and can clog the skin due to its thicker texture, forming a non-absorbent film across the surface. This is why care should be taken to use skincare fats that are fresh and properly handled and stored.
Fats begin to degrade when exposed to heat, light, and air. It’s best to keep skincare made with natural oils in a cool, dark place and be sure to use clean hands when handling the product. Also, look for expiration and/or manufacture dates on products and purchase from reputable manufacturers.
Perma-Earth has information about the best by date on all of their product listings in the “Expiration” item tabs.
We hope this helps to clear up any misconceptions about PUFAs and why we would dare to use them in the midst of these misunderstandings!
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